The Mako Shark

The Mako Shark Two species of Mako sharks, close relatives of great white sharks,  inhabit the worlds oceans – shortfin makos and longfin makos. One characteristic that sets these sharks apart is their speed: The shortfin mako shark holds the record for being the fastest shark in the sea and is among the fastest swimming fish in the world. How Fast  Do They Swim? The shortfin mako shark has been clocked at a sustained speed of 20 mph, but it can double or triple that speed for short periods of time. Shortfin makos can reliably accelerate to 46 mph, and some individuals may even reach 60 mph. Their torpedo-shaped bodies enable them to surge through the water at such a rapid speed. Mako sharks also have tiny, flexible scales covering their body, allowing them to control the flow of water over their skin and minimize drag. And shortfin makos arent just fast; they can also change direction in a split second. Their remarkable speed and maneuverability make them lethal predators. Are They Dangerous? Any large shark, including the mako, can be dangerous when encountered. Mako sharks have long, sharp teeth, and they can quickly overtake any potential prey thanks to their speed. However, mako sharks dont usually swim in the shallow, coastal waters where most shark attacks occur. Deep-sea fishermen and SCUBA divers encounter shortfin mako sharks more often than swimmers and surfers. Only eight mako shark attacks have been documented, and none were fatal. Characteristics The mako shark averages about 10 feet long and 300 pounds, but the largest individuals can weigh well over 1,000 pounds. Makos are metallic silver on the underside and a deep, shiny blue on the top. The main difference between shortfin makos and longfin makos is, as you may have guessed, the length of their fins. Longfin mako sharks have longer pectoral fins with broad tips. Mako sharks have pointed, conical snouts, and cylindrical bodies, which minimizes water resistance and makes them hydrodynamic. The caudal fin is lunate in form, like a crescent-shaped moon. A firm ridge just ahead of the caudal fin, called a caudal keel, increases their fin stability when swimming. Mako sharks have large, black eyes and five long gill slits on each side. Their long teeth usually protrude from their mouths. Classification Mako sharks belong to the family of mackerel or white sharks. The mackerel sharks are large, with pointed snouts and long gill slits, and theyre known for their speed. The mackerel shark family includes just five living species: porbeagles (Lamna nasus), salmon sharks (Lamna ditropis), shortfin makos (Isurus oxyrinchus), longfin makos (Isurus paucus), and great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). Mako sharks are classified as follows: Kingdom - Animalia (animals)Phylum - Chordata (organisms with a dorsal nerve cord)Class – Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)Order – Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)Family - Lamnidae (mackerel sharks)Genus – IsurusSpecies – Isurus spp Life Cycle Not much is known about longfin mako shark reproduction. Shortfin mako sharks grow slowly, taking years to reach sexual maturity. Males reach reproductive age at 8 years or more, and females take at least 18 years. In addition to their slow growth rate, shortfin mako sharks have a 3-year reproductive cycle. This extended life cycle makes the mako shark population extremely vulnerable to practices like overfishing. Mako sharks mate, so fertilization occurs internally. Their development is ovoviviparous, with young developing in a uterus but nourished by a yolk sac rather than a placenta. Better developed young are known to cannibalize their less developed siblings in utero, a practice known as oophagy. Gestation takes up to 18 months, at which time the mother gives birth to a litter of live pups. Mako shark litters average 8-10 pups, but occasionally as many as 18 may survive. After giving birth, the female mako wont mate again for another 18 months. Habitat Shortfin and longfin mako sharks differ slightly in their ranges and habitats. Shortfin mako sharks are considered pelagic fish, meaning they inhabit the water column but tend to avoid coastal waters and the ocean bottom. Longfin mako sharks are epipelagic, which means they inhabit the upper portion of the water column, where light can penetrate. Mako sharks inhabit tropical and warm temperate waters but arent usually found in colder water bodies. Mako sharks are migratory fish. Shark tagging studies document mako sharks traveling distances of 2,000 miles and more. They are found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, in latitudes as far south as Brazil and as far north as the northeastern United States. Diet Shortfin mako sharks feed mainly on bony fish, as well as other sharks and cephalopods (squid, octopuses, and cuttlefish). Large mako sharks will sometimes consumer larger prey, like dolphins or sea turtles. Not much is known about the longfin mako sharks feeding habits, but their diet is probably similar to that of shortfin makos. Endangerment Human activities, including the inhumane practice of shark finning, are gradually pushing mako sharks toward possible extinction. Makos are not endangered at this time, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), but both shortfin and longfin mako sharks are classified as vulnerable species. Shortfin mako sharks are a favorite catch of sport fishermen and are also prized for their meat. Both shortfin and longfin makos are often killed as bycatch in tuna and swordfish fisheries, and these unintentional deaths are largely underreported. Sources Shortfin Mako, University of Florida, Florida Museum website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Longfin Mako, University of Florida, Florida Museum website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Isurus , IUCN Red List of Threatened Species website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.oxyrinchusIsurus paucus, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark, University of Florida, Florida Museum website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Mako Shark, NOAA Fisheries Fact Sheet. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Species: Isurus , Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.oxyrinchus, Shortfin makoSpecies: Isurus paucus, Longfin mako, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Ovoviviparity, Support Our Sharks website. Accessed online July 12, 2017.Flexible Scales Add to Speed of , by Sindya N. Bhanoo, November 29, 2010, New York Times.Shortin Mako Shark

Laboratory Report of an Experiment on Optical Fibre Transmission Coursework - 1

Laboratory Report of an Experiment on Optical Fibre Transmission - Coursework Example Oscilloscopes are signal analyses that exhibit images of an individual conducting the experiment of signals generally in the form of voltage against time. The users employ pictures removed from the oscilloscope to comprehend the frequency of the graph, the graph amplitude and the entire shape of the graph that will vary basing on what the study intends to find out. Function generators, are also sources of signals whose voltage is set by an individual conducting the study. It runs for a given period. The outcome signals are in rectangular form of sine waves and are employed to govern the other equipment such as a clock to work as a timing signal. Function generators have features whether digital or analogue the digital type that includes: Choosing the type of the waveform. They are generally the sine, triangular and square waves. A means to select frequency of the waveform. Basic rates range between 0.01Hz to 100MHz. The means to select the amplitude for the waveform identified. A minimum of two outputs. The primary output is one where the user is conducting the research finds the waveform that one needs. The second output, being employed in the experiment is the Aux (TTL) which gives a square wave that has a standard of 0 to 5 voltage signal levels. It is what we are using to synchronize the oscilloscope to the variable basic output signal. This experiment also included the use of transmitter. SFH750V transmitter produces 650 nm with the ability of outputting 20 UV of light. The device has a width of 35 nm and needs current, basing on the required intensity, of 10 to 45 mA. The transmitter is a four-pin device and comprises of a LED, glass-bead focusing as well as a threaded chamber into an optical fibre is inserted. The study also needs one to have a receiver. The one that was found useful was a photodiode receiver. It is designed to be

Why is freedom important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why is freedom important - Essay Example Society has lived this way for eons and, although there have been efforts from certain sectors to try to curb these logical and natural freedoms, we have always lived our lives free of any constraints. Unfortunately, we oftentimes fail to acknowledge this fact which is why we end up taking the freedoms that we have in our lives for granted. While other countries struggle for a semblance of democracy and their people are crying out for freedom, we simply go about our free lives without a worry or care in the world. That is why there is a need for us, as a collective society, to come to an understanding as to what the true meaning of freedom is and why it is important to all of us. It is perhaps best to begin the discussion of the importance of freedom on the basis of the Harm Principle. According to Oliviera (2006), under this principle, the actions of individuals should only be limited once it is proven that the person will cause great harm to those around him. This is the basis of t he laws that govern our land. I cannot stress the importance of the Harm Principle in our daily lives for this is the principle upon which all our other freedoms are based upon. I do not doubt that this is also the principle upon which arrest and imprisonment of people doing harm to others comes from. After all, if you cause harm to another human being, you end up in jail. That is what the Harm Principle is all about and that is why it is the most important basis of our most basic freedoms in our society today. The Harm Principle presents us with a maxim that has allowed people to develop their sense of freedom in a responsible manner. This is known as the Liberty Principle which, allows people to develop their individuality through freedom of choice. By allowing people to have options in life, a person is forced to view the pros and cons of his possible decisions and then go with the decision that he feels will best serve his individual identity. He has the freedom to choose from a ny number of outcomes, hence the Liberty Decision. He makes his decision free of guilt and responsibility to others. His sole responsibility in this respect, it only to himself thus making his decision absolute. Without the Harm Principle to consider, we would not have encountered the need for positive and negative liberty among our people. Carter (2011) thoroughly explains that the Harm principle is possibly what gave way to the emergence of the positive and negative liberties of man. Simply put, the negative liberty is one that offers no obstacles to living a life secure in the freedom that he is experiencing. It was Isaiah Berlin (Carter, 2011) who explained that negative freedom is simply the absence of obstacles in life that prevent one from living life. Negative freedom is a sense of liberty that we all experience if there are no external interferences from groups that could hamper our freedom of movement and choice. Whereas positive freedom is one that exists due to need to c ontrol a certain situation or event due to the internal factors being the basis for individuals and groups to act independently of each other. Having said that, it seems only logical, after having developed an understanding of the importance behind positive and negative liberty, we come to a discussion Rousseau's Theory of freedom. As per Simpson's (2006), understanding of Rousseau's Theory of Freedom, there are actually 4 kinds of freedom that should be deemed relevant to politics. These freedoms are: 1. Natural freedom 2. civil freedom, democratic freedom, 3. moral freedom. This is supposed to be the social contract that supposedly binds us all to humanly treating each other regardless of personal sentiment. It is believed that the aforementioned freedoms are the basis that we as a people use to

Racism and Kathryn Hess English Essay Example for Free

Racism and Kathryn Hess English Essay In the beginning of the movie Freedom Writers, the students initially only trust their peers from their racial groups. This is because they only trust the people in their gangs. Almost all the kids were in racially segregated gangs. At first, Ms. Gruwell has difficulty getting anything accomplished. Many of these students have never been shown any respect in the past. Eva and some of the other students tell Ms. Gruwell that they will not just hand her their respect, she must earn it. Ms. Gruwell begins to earn the respect of her students when she moves the students around, out of their racial divisions. She attempts to show the students that they are united by playing the â€Å"Line Game† with them. She puts a line of thick red tape across the classroom and tells the students to move forward when a statement she makes applies to them. Her most effective form of reaching out, however, comes in the form of a composition notebook. Trust is an important component of a teacher-student relationship because if a student doesnt trust the teacher, nothing the teachers teaches is affective. Ms. Gruwell eventually managed to get her students to show tolerance for one another. She teaches them about the Holocaust and that despite the students’ ethnic backgrounds, they aren’t all that different from each other. For example, she takes them to the Museum of Tolerance. This shows that the students aren’t realistically the different despite the color of their skin or their ethnic background. This is important because Ms. Gruwell could not effectively teach the class until they could get along. As a result, the students begin to build up a tolerance for one another. Part of Ms. Gruwell’s outlook on racism was affected by her father. For example, growing up, her father was a civil rights worker. This shows that his work most likely influenced her views on racism as she grew up. This is important because it taught her not to discriminate against others. As a result, she is able to change the views of her students for the better. At one point, Ms. Gruwell confiscates a racial caricature that was circulating the class. For example, the drawing was of a black student drawn with thick, exaggerated lips. Ms. Gruwell then compared the sketch of the caricatures that the Nazis used to draw of the Jews during the Holocaust. This showed that none of the students even knew what the Holocaust was. This is important because it allowed Ms. Gruwell to teach her students how serious racism really was. As a result, the students became more tolerant. Ms. Gruwell knew that all the students were suffering from physical violence, emotional abuse, substance abuse, poverty, homelessness, gang violence, and deaths of family and friends. She felt sorry about them and wanted to help them sincerely. She did it, and as a result, the class was getting better and better, and the classes grades turned up quickly. Others teacher didn’t believe Ms. Gruwell despite she did a great job. They thought she was a new teacher and had no idea about teaching. But the main point was, they had serious racial prejudice in their minds, they disliked the students in Room 203. For example, one of the teachers refused to lend books to Ms. Gruwell. This shows the racial discrimination was really serious. Hence, Ms. Gruwell had to do everything by herself. Even when Ms. Gruwells husband left her, the students made her life better. Problems still came up, she was denied to teach Room 203 in junior and senior year. But after the tough fight with other teachers, she was allowed to stay with them till the end of high school time.

The Keys to Job Satisfaction Essays -- Work, Employment, Relationships

Job Satisfaction Workplace Relationships If a company is interested in growth and profit, it must establish positive relationships and good rapport with its employees. People will be happier in their jobs if the environment that surrounds them is made comfortable and positive. Three main factors aid positive workplace relationships: trust, respect and teamwork. Positive workplace relationships are easy to develop when time is taken with each factor. Overall, these factors benefit everyone. People are the "heart" of an organization and care should be taken to foster a positive work environment. Workplace relationships are important in job satisfaction. In fact, studies show that an employee's direct supervisor has the most influence on whether he or she finds a job satisfying, says Lenburg. "Working with a manager who "understands" them, and gives them some choices in their work lives, tends to improve the satisfaction level of most employees" (Hochgraf, 1998). Productivity tends to improve when employees are treated with respect and consideration. Managers need to remember that every worker is different and that priorities of people vary from one individual to another. Managers should be open to the desires of their employees as individuals. If employees feel they are listened to they will feel that they are being respected and that they are important. Job satisfaction will tend to increase in these circumstances. Teamwork is also important when considering job satisfaction. If teamwork is not evident, or worse, deteriorates from the old norm, employee relationships begin to suffer. Teamwork requires people to work together to make decisions and resolve disagreements. Teamwork among staff members strengthens workpla... ...ional.com/eprise/main/web/us/smi/en/candidates_career_dev_job_satis Kovacs, Joy A. "Examining the Difference in the Relationships between Job Satisfaction and Perceived Dimensions of Employment". Web. 1 May 2015. http://www.users.drew.edu/jkovacs/psyc/psyc102/research.html Reiner, Michael D. and Jihong Zhao. "The Determinants of Job Satisfaction among United States Air Force Security Police." Review of Public Personnel Administration (summer 1999): pp. 5-17. Timm, Paul R. and Brent D. Peterson. "Motivating with Compensation and Other Rewards." People at Work - Human Behavior in Organizations, 5th ed. Ohio: South Western College Publishing, 2000. Ting, Yuan. "Analysis of Job Satisfaction of the Federal White-Collar Work Force: Findings from the Survey of Federal Employees." American Review of Public Administration 26, no. 4 (December 1996): 439-456.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Phone ?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the mobile phone today ? It can be widely acknowledged that mobile phones have became a necesity nowadays being a fundamental part of technology’s evolution and progress. This magic device was first invented in the late 80’s being very special, rare and really expensive at that time. Using a mobile phone nowadays implays a lot of advantages and disadvantages. Talking about the positive side, a major benefit of using mobile phones nowadays is that there is a permanent connection between you and information’s updates thanking to the high-speed bandwidth internet.Another good advantage of the mobile phone is that it offers you mobility and accesability almost anywhere thanks to a large coverage area. Refering to accesability and network connections a great innovation of the last decade, according to mobile phones, is the 3G and 4G LTE bandwidth which is able to work as a normal connection but with a larger coverage area and less resources on a smaller device than a personal computer gving the possibility to control and administrate all the financial activities like shopping for example, or why not to control your bank accounts.Now, talking about the negative side, there are some important drawbacks which are pretty visible. A major disadvantage is the price, referring to the new models, these are quite expensive but the price is also influenced by the mobile operators who are practicing some high rates being a big obstacle in the front of the customer. Another drawback is linked to this option of a permanent connection.Well this function it is very usefull but it is also very vulnerable, being pretty easy to get infected with all kind of malicious attacks and viruses able to steal your passwords, mails etc. Taking everything into consideration I tend to believe that mobile phone is a very usefull gadget having more advantages of using it, than disadvantages.

Essay about Prospera, Thy Role Is Woman - 972 Words

William Shakespeare, in his play, The Tempest, tells the story of a fictional exiled Duke of Milan. In the original play, Shakespeare casts the duke as a man, Prospero. In a modern movie version of the play, writer and director Julie Taymor casts the duke as a woman, Prospera powerfully portrayed by the very convincing performance of Helen Mirren. The play, surprisingly, requires only a few very minor line changes to substitute a woman lead for the original male role. While the actual dialogue changes are minor, the impact to the play is substantial as it totally transforms the duke and an audience’s prospective of the character. With very few exceptions, having a woman as the Duke of Milan in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, makes the duke more†¦show more content†¦The first examples can be seen in Prospera’s ouster and exile starting with how apparently easily Prospera was usurped. It is clear Prospera had the support of her people when she tells Miranda, â €Å"so dear the love my people bore me† (Shakespeare 1.2.141). If the duke had the support of the people and magical arts to manipulate people and events, it seems unlikely a rightful ruler could so easily be usurped, but it becomes more plausible in Taymor’s version where the position was only assumed by Prospera upon her husband’s death. Given it was not originally her position to begin with and the predominant acceptance of male leaders at that time, it is much more realistic that a woman could be usurped by her brother. Similarly, the fact that Prospera was not killed outright and that she was aided by Gonzalo also becomes more believable with the duke being a woman. To kill an ousted rival would seem of little consequence at the time if that rival were a man, but it takes on a much less noble air if that rival is a woman, and Gonzalo’s actions to aid Prospera defying Antonio and the king become more believable as it is not only an act of kindness, bu t also a chivalrous act. In addition to Prospera’s ouster and exile, other examples of where having a feminine duke is more believable can be seen by her actions on the island. One of the first is Prospera’s treatment of Caliban. AfterShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest And Julie Taymor s Film Version Of The Play1424 Words   |  6 Pagescontract to the play, the film plot is the same however the audiences sees Prospera casted the magic when she was in her cave. She was casting magic with these science experiment jars and dropped a black feather into the jar to make Ariel visible to be seen by others as he is an air spirit that are only seen by Prospera and appeared in front of Alonso, Antonio, Sebastian and Gonzalo. This scene gives the peak of Prospera s arrangement. The audience saw what kind of harpy that he appeared as. Prospera’sRead MoreThe Tempest Adaptations and Transformations2100 Words   |  9 Pagesheightened by makeup, camera angles, casting, costuming and t he performances of the actors themselves. Taymor uses these visual techniques of film to her advantage, even adding in an extra scene at the end of the film. The transformation of Prospero into Prospera affects the way the reader views the judgement, treatment and release of Caliban. The parent-child relationship is also altered by the gender change, as is the protagonist’s interaction of Ariel. Taymor uses the sex transformation, the differenceRead MoreJulie Taymore ´s Film Interpretation of The Tempest by William Shakespeare1459 Words   |  6 Pagesmakes out. But does the role become weak now that its being playing played by a female? Or a thought that crossed my mind when Shakespeare was neither working writing this play did he consider whither nor not Prospero should have been Prospera? Another important ques-tion, does the ending of the play leave a lot of unanswered questions? During the Renaissance era when Shakespeare did his many of his writings and even in his plays males would play both the male and female roles. This brings up the question